He maha ngā āhuatanga pai o ngā pūnga hiko. Ka rongoa e rātou te hiko hei utu hiko, kaua hei pūngao matū, hei tauira. Mā tēnei ka taea te utu tata tonu me ngā iahiko putanga tino teitei. Ka taea e rātou te ora i ngā rau mano o ngā huringa utu-tuku, kaua i ngā rau o ngā huringa mō ngā pākahiko huringa-katoa. Nō reira, he aha te raruraru?
He pūmau tonu te hiko o te pākahiko mō te roanga o te wā e whakamahia ana. I runga i te taputapu, tera pea ka tata pau te mahi. Hei tauira, ka uru ngā waea atamai ki te aratau penapena hiko. Ehara i te mea hei pupuri i a rātou kia roa ake te mahi, engari hei ārai i te whakaweto tonu me te kore whakatūpato.
E kite ana koe, ka heke te ngaohiko ina tata pau te pākahiko. I roto i tō waea, he ara iahiko whakawhiti mana, he wāhanga o te whakahaere mana whānui, e mahi ana ki te huri i te mana pākahiko kāore i te tino pumau ki te mana pūnaha tino kaha te whakahaere (tērā pea he maha ngā ngaohiko rerekē). Kia mahara he whanaungatanga nui kei konei: mana=auau * ngaohiko. Nō reira, kia mau tonu te mana kotahi, i te hekenga o te ngaohiko, me nui ake te au e kukumehia ana e taku ara iahiko.
He iti noa te ātete ā-roto o ia pākahiko, ā, nā tētahi atu whanaungatanga, e kiia nei ko te Ture a Ohm, e mōhio ana koe ka heke te ngaohiko i roto i te pākahiko. I roto i te tuhi, ko te Vout=V0−r*I, ko I te iahiko. Nō reira, i te hekenga o taku V0, ā, me nui ake te iahiko e kukumehia ana e taku ara iahiko whakahaere mana hei tuku i te mana kotahi, ka tere ake te hekenga o te ngaohiko putanga pākahiko. Nā tēnei i whakawhāiti te iahiko putanga mōrahi o te pākahiko, ā, ko te tikanga hoki ka tere te hekenga ina tata pau.
Engari ka heke tere te ngaohiko putanga, te iahiko tihi, me te mana katoa i roto i te pūnga hiko i roto i te wā. Kotahi te painga o te pūnga hiko: kei te penapena i te utu hiko, kaua ki te huri i te utu hiko ki te utu matū pērā i roto i te pākahiko, nō reira ahakoa he ātete ā-roto, he iti noa iho, ā, ka taea te wareware. Ka taea e ngā pūnga hiko te whakarato i ngā iahiko tino teitei mō te wā poto.
Engari mō te whakakaha i tētahi mea, he raruraru. Kia mahara ki taku hiahia kia mau tonu te hiko ki taku pūnaha whakahaere hiko, ā, ko te hiko=auau * ngaohiko. I te heke tere o tō tātou ngaohiko, me whakakī e tātou ki te au e piki tere ana hei tuku i te hiko kotahi. Nā ngā au tino teitei ka nui ake te utu o te ara iahiko, ka nui ake ngā wāhanga hurihanga hiko, ka nui ake te ngaronga hiko i roto i ngā papa ara iahiko, me ētahi atu… he rite tonu te raruraru taketake o te pākahiko i te mutunga, engari kei te tīmata tēnei ki te tupu i te tīmatanga o te roa o te rokiroki hiko o te pūnga. Ā, i te paunga o te pūnga, ka heke hoki te au tihi, ahakoa he teitei tonu.
Ko tētahi atu raruraru ko te iti iho o te kaha motuhake o ngā ultracapacitors hou i ngā pākahiko. Ko ngā ultracaps pai rawa atu kei te mākete ka whakahaere i te 8-10 Wh/kg, ko te nuinga he rite ki te 5 Wh/kg. Ko ngā pākahiko Li-ion pai rawa atu ka tata ki te 200 Wh/kg, he maha ngā hanganga ka eke ki te neke atu i te 100 Wh/kg. Nō reira, me 20x te taumaha hei whakamahi i ngā ultracaps. Engari tera pea ka nui ake, nā te mea i tētahi wā i te wā tukunga, i runga i te tono, ka heke te ngaohiko ki raro rawa kia kore ai e taea te whakamahi, ka waiho te mana kāore e whakamahia. Waihoki, he rerekē ki ngā capacitors tuku iho, he teitei ake te ātete ā-roto o ngā ultracapacitors. Nō reira, kāore e taea e rātou te tautoko i te nui o te tauhokohoko o te ngaohiko mō te iahiko.
Kātahi ka tae mai te tukunga-ā-koe: te tere o te "tātari" hiko mai i tētahi taputapu rokiroki. He pakari ngā pūtau NiMh anake, engari ko te tukunga-ā-koe ka eke ki te 20–30% ia marama. Ka whakaitihia tēnei e ngā pūtau Li-ion ki te iti iho i te 2% ia marama i runga i te hangarau Li-ion motuhake, 3% pea i roto i ētahi pūnaha i runga i te aroturuki pākahiko. Ka heke te utu o ngā Ultracapacitors o ēnei rā ki te 50% i te marama tuatahi. Kāore pea tēnei e pā ki tētahi taputapu e utua ana i ia rā, engari ka tino whakawhāitihia ngā whakamahinga mō ngā taupoki me ngā pākahiko, kia tae rā anō ki te wā e hangaia ai he hoahoa pai ake.
Nā te mea he maha ngā mea e hiahiatia ana, ko te utu o nāianei mō ngā ultracapacitors ka eke ki te 6x-20x te utu o ngā pākahiko. Mena he iti rawa te putanga hiko e hiahiatia ana e tō tono, inā koa he poto rawa ngā ngaru iahiko teitei, he kōwhiringa pea te ultracap. Ki te kore, kāore e taea te whakakapi i te pākahiko a meake nei.
Mō ngā tono au nui pērā i ngā waka hiko, ehara i te mea whai hua te whakaaro i tēnei wā, hei whakaaro takitahi. Ahakoa he mea whakamīharo ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i ngā ultracaps me ngā pākahiko, nā te mea he tino tautoko ō rāua rerekētanga, ko te whakawhiti au nui me te roa o te ora o te taupoki he rerekē ki te kaha/pūngao motuhake teitei o te pākahiko. Ā, he nui ngā mahi e mahia ana hei tuku i ngā ultracapacitors pai ake, me ngā pākahiko pai ake. Nō reira, tera pea i tētahi rā ka nui ake ngā mahi pākahiko noa i mahia e te ultracap.
tuhinga mai i: https://qr.ae/pCacU0
Wā tuku: Hanuere-06-2026